ES EN
Vol. 23. Num. 2. - 2014. Pages 145-150

An empowerment model of entrepreneurship for people with disabilities in theUnited States

[Un modelo de “empowerment” para dar iniciativa emprendedora a personas con discapacidades en EE.UU]

Fabricio E Balcázar1 , JoAnn Kuchak2 , Shawn Dimpfl1 , Varun Sariepella1 , Francisco Alvarado3


1Univ. Illinois at Chicago, Estados Unidos ,2Economic Systems Inc., Estados Unidos ,3Illinois Division of Rehabilitation Services, Estados Unidos


https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2014.07.002

Abstract

People with disabilities are greatly underrepresented in the workforce, often face discrimination by employers, and often are not effectively served by the U.S. Vocational Rehabilitation System whose primary purpose is to get individuals with disabilities employed. Additionally, many individuals with disabilities face discrimination and/or fear of becoming a liability by business owners. The Chicago Add Us In (AUI)Initiative sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability Employment Policy, created an entrepreneurship program for people with disabilities in order to counteract these barriers, promote empowerment and facilitate economic self-sufficiency for people with disabilities. The model includes a course on how to write a business plan, one-on-one business mentoring, technical assistance, start-up business grants, and assistance from a business incubator. In addition to the core program components, there was an emphasis on creating systems change in the Illinois Division of Rehabilitation Services (DRS)to ensure program sustainability. In-depth case studies are offered to illustrate the process of consumer empowerment and the impact of the entrepreneurship program on the lives of the entrepreneurs who have participated thus far.

Resumen

Las personas con discapacidades están muy poco representadas en la fuerza de trabajo, con frecuencia sufrendiscriminación por parte de los empleadores y raramente el Sistema de Rehabilitación Profesional delos EE.UU., que se ocupa sobre todo de conseguir trabajo a las personas con discapacidades, les atiende debidamente.Además, muchas de estas personas enfrentan discriminación o los empleadores piensan queson un riesgo para ellos. La "Iniciativa Añádenos" en Chicago, patrocinada por el Departamento de Trabajode los EE.UU, Oficina de Política de Empleo para los Discapacitados, ha creado un programa de desarrollo depequeñas empresas para personas con discapacidades que pueda contrarrestar estas barreras, fomentar elincremento de poder y facilitar la autosuficiencia de estas personas. El modelo incluye un curso sobre cómodesarrollar un plan de negocios, orientación [mentoring] comercial individual, asistencia técnica, ayudasfinancieras para abrir negocios y la asistencia de una "incubadora" de empresas. Además de los componentescentrales del programa se trató de crear un cambio de sistema en la División de Servicios de Rehabilitaciónde Illinois para garantizar la sostenibilidad del programa. Se presentan estudios de casos que ilustranel proceso de incremento de poder de los consumidores y el impacto del programa de desarrollo empresarialen la vida de las personas que han participado hasta la fecha. 

Keywords

Entrepreneurship
Empowerment of individuals with disabilities
Micro-enterprises

Palabras clave

Iniciativa emprendedora
Incremento de poder de personas con discapacidades
Microempresas
References
 
Abrams, 2009
 
R. Abrams
Business plan in a day: Get it done right, get it done fast
2009
Baldwin and Johnson, 1994
 
M. Baldwin
W.G. Johnson
Labor market discrimination against men with disabilities
Journal of Human Resources
29
1994
1-19
Cook and Burke, 2002
 
J.A. Cook
J. Burke
Public policy and employment of people with disabilities: exploring new paradigms
Behavioral Sciences & the Law
20
2002
541-57
Frey and Osborne, 2013
 
C.B. Frey
M. Osborne
The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerization?
Oxford Martin School Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology. University of Oxford
2013
Fuentes-Nieva and Galasso, 2001
 
Fuentes-Nieva, R., & Galasso, N. (2014, January). Working for the few: Political capture and economic inequality (Policy Brief no. 178). Retrieved from the Oxfam International website h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; w w w & # 4 6 ; o x f a m & # 4 6 ; o r g & # 4 7 ; s i t e s & # 4 7 ; w w w & # 4 6 ; o x f a m & # 4 6 ; o r g & # 4 7 ; f i l e s /bp-working-for-few-political-capture-economic-inequality-200114-en.pdf .
Gage, 2012
 
Gage, D. (2012). The venture capital: 3 out of 4 start-ups fail. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com .
Hahn, 1993
 
H. Hahn
The potential impact of disability studies on political science (as well as vice versa)
Policy Studies Journal
21
1993
740-51
Harkin, 5004
 
Harkin, T. (2012, July). Unfinished Business: Making Employment of People with Disabilities a National Priority. U.S. Senate: Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions. Retrieved on April 2014 from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; w w w.harkin.senate.gov/documents/pdf/500469b49b364.pdf .
Kane, 2010
 
T. Kane
The importance of startups in job creation and job destruction
Kauffman Foundation Research Series: Firm Formation and Economic Growth
2010
2
Lopez and Mitchell, 2011
 
Lopez, A., & Mitchell, P. (2011, November). Spain: Inequality soars to record levels. World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ;www.wsws.org/en/articles/2011/11/spai-n23.html .
Organization, 2013
 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD (2013). Crisis squeezes income and puts pressure on inequality and poverty. Retrieved from the OECD website: h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; w w w & #46;oecd.org/els/soc/OECD2013-Inequality-and-Poverty-8p.pdf .
Pierce and Schott, 2012
 
J.R. Pierce
P.K. Schott
The surprisingly swift decline of U.S. manufacturing Employment (Working Paper 18655)
2012
Rachman, 2011
 
G. Rachman
Zero-sum future: American power in the age of anxiety
2011
Rifkin, 1995
 
J. Rifkin
The end of work: The decline of the global labor force and the dawn of the Post-market era
1995
Robinson, 2000
 
J.E. Robinson
Access to employment for people with disabilities: Findings of a consumer-led project
Disability & Rehabilitation
22
2000
246-53
Rumrill and Fitzgerald, 2010
 
P.D. Rumrill
S.M. Fitzgerald
Employer characteristics and discharge-related discrimination against people with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities
Act. Advances in Developing Human Resources
12
2010
448-65
Steinmetz, 2006
 
Steinmetz, E. (2006). Americans with Disabilities: 2002 (Household Economic Studies Current Population Reports, pp. 70-107). Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/ .
Tribby, 2013
 
Tribby, M. L. (2013, July 23). The Eight Key Elements of a Successful Business Plan and How to Make Them Work for You. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; w w w & # 4 6 ; h u f f i n g t o n p o s t & # 4 6 ; c o m/maryellen-tribby/the-eight-key-elements-of_b_3623800.html .
United Nations, 2014
 
United Nations (2014). World Economic Situation and Prospects 2014 (United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.14.II.C.2). Retrieved from the United Nationes website h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; w w w & # 4 6 ; u n & # 4 6 ; o r g & # 4 7 ; e n & # 4 7 ; d e v e l o p m e n t /desa/policy/wesp/wesp_current/2014Chap1_en.pdf .
U.S. Census Bureau, 2006
 
U.S. Census Bureau (2006). American Community Survey table B1802: Selected Economic Characteristics for the Civilian Non-institutionalized Population By Disability Status. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieve from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; f a c t f i n d e r & # 4 6 ; c e n s u s & # 4 6 ; g o v & # 4 7 ; s e r v l e t & # 4 7 ; S T T a b l e & # 6 3 ; & # 9 5 ; b m & # 6 1 ; y & # 3 8 ; - q r & # 9 5 ; n a m e & # 6 1 ; A C S & # 9 5 ; 2 0 0 6 & # 9 5 ; E S T & # 9 5 ; G 0 0 & # 9 5 ; S 1 8 0 2 & # 3 8 ; - g e o & # 9 5 ; i d & # 6 1 ; 0 1 0 0 0 U S & # 3 8 ; - d s & # 9 5 ; n a m e & # 6 1 ; A C S & # 9 5 ; 2 0 0 6 & #95;EST_G00_&_-lang=en&-format=&-CONTEXT=st .
U.S. Department of Labor, 2009
 
U.S. Department of Labor (2009). Survey of Employer Perspectives on the Employment of People with Disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.dol.gov/ .
U.S. Department of Labor, 2014
 
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2014, March). Economic News Release, “Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted.” Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news. release/empsit.t06.htm .
U.S. Department of Labor Bureau, 2014
 
U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics (2014, March). Business Employment Dynamics: Entrepreneurship and the U.S. economy. Retrieved from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7;www.bls.gov/bdm/entrepreneurship/entrepreneurship.htm .
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity, 2013
 
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission - EEOC (2013, May). Jury Awards $240. Million for Long-Term Abuse of Workers with Intellectual Disabilities [Press Release]. Retrieved from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; /www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/5-1-13b.cfm .
U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005
 
U.S. Government Accountability Office (2005, September). Vocational Rehabilitation: Better Measures and Monitoring Could Improve the Performance of the VR Program. Report to Congress (GAO-05-865).
U.S. Internal Revenue Service, 2014
 
U.S. Internal Revenue Service (2014). Self-employment individuals tax center. Retrieved from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; w w w & # 4 6 ; i r s & # 4 6 ; g o v & # 4 7 ; B u s i n e s s e s & # 4 7;Small-Businesses-&-Self-Employed/Self-Employed-Individuals-Tax-Center .
Yecies, 2012
 
Yecies, L. (2012, January). Are Entrepreneurs Born or Made? Views from the Life of a “Made” Entrepreneur. ForbesLife. Retrieved from h t t p & # 5 8 ; & # 4 7 ; & # 4 7 ; w w w & # 4 6 ; f o r b e s & # 4 6 ; c o m & # 4 7 ; s i t e s & # 4 7 ; l a u r a y e c i e s & # 4 7 ; 2 0 1 2 & # 4 7 ; 0 1 & # 4 7 ; 0 6 & # 4 7 ;are-entrepreneurs-born-or-made-views-from-the-life-of-a-made-entrepreneur/ .

Copyright © 2024. Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid

© Copyright 2024. Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid ContactPrivacy PolicyCookies Policy