ES EN
Vol. 23. Num. 3. - 2014. Pages 169-176

Sentido de comunidad, empoderamiento psicológico y participación ciudadana en trabajadores de organizaciones culturales

[Sense of community, psychological empowerment, and civic participation in workers of cultural organizations]

Ignacio Ramos Vidal1 , Isidro Maya Jariego1


1Univ. Sevilla, Fac. Psicología, Dep. Psicología Social, España


https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2014.04.001

Resumen

Las organizaciones culturales participan en iniciativas prosociales y realizan actividades que repercuten en el contexto comunitario. En este estudio evaluamos el sentido de comunidad, el empoderamiento psicológico y la participación comunitaria de 120 trabajadores de agrupaciones de las artes escénicas en Andalucía. Con tres modelos de regresión concurrentes mostramos que el sentido de comunidad y el empoderamiento psicológico están fuertemente relacionados, mientras que la participación ciudadana no se relaciona de forma significativa con los otros dos procesos. En segundo lugar, clasificamos a los trabajadores de las organizaciones culturales con un análisis de conglomerados en función de las tres dimensiones de interés. En la mitad de los participantes se observa una relación positiva, de asociación mutua, entre la participación, el empoderamiento y el sentido de comunidad. Complementariamente, documentamos un perfil pasivo, con bajos niveles de participación, y un perfil paradójico en el que la participación social parece producirse al margen de la implicación en la organización cultural de referencia. Los tres perfiles difieren en el compromiso con la organización y la evaluación de aspectos laborales. El perfil positivo también resulta más probable en las organizaciones más pequeñas. Finalmente discutimos la relación entre las dinámicas organizativas de las agrupaciones de las artes escénicas y su potencial para implicarse en la comunidad.

Abstract

In this study we evalute the sense of community, psychological empowerment, and community participation of 120 workers of performing arts organizations in Andalusia. By means of three concurrent regression models we show that the sense of community and psychological empowerment are strongly related, while social participation is not significantly associated to the other two processes. Cluster analysis based on the three dimensions of interest classify participants in three different groups. In half of the participants a positive, mutual association between participation, empowerment, and a sense of community is observed. In addition, we have documented a passive profile, with low levels of participation, and a paradoxical profile, in which social participation seems to occur regardless of involvement in the organization of reference. The three profiles differ in commitment to the organization and evaluation of labor issues. The positive profile is also more likely to occur in smaller organizations. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the organizational dynamics of the performing arts groups and their potential to be involved in the community. 

Palabras clave

Empoderamiento
Participación
Sentido psicológico de comunidad
Organizaciones culturales

Keywords

Civic participation
Cultural organizations
Empowerment
Psychological sense of community
Referencias
 
Adams and Goldbard, 2000
 
Adams, D. y Goldbard, A. (Eds.) (2000). Creative community: The art of cultural development . New York: The Rockefeller Foundation.
Bathum and Baumann, 2007
 
M.E. Bathum
L.C. Baumann
A Sense of Community Among Immigrant Latinas
Family and Community Health
30
2007
167-77
Bekker, 2005
 
R. Bekker
Participation in Voluntary Associations: Relations with Resources
Personality, and Political Values. Political Psychology
26
2005
439-54
Binns, 1991
 
Binns, V. (1991). Community and the arts: History, theory and practice . Leichhardt, NSW: Pluto Press.
Brodsky et al., 1999
 
A.E. Brodsky
P.J. O’Campo
R.E. Aronson
PSOC in Community Context: Multi-level correlates of a measure of psychological sense of community in low-income, urban neighborhoods
Journal of Community Psychology
27
1999
659-79
Burroughs and Eby, 1998
 
S. Burroughs
T. Eby
Psychological sense of community at work: a measurement system and explanatory framework
Journal of Community Psychology
26
1998
509-32
Butler, 2001
 
M.L. Butler
Making Waves
Women's Studies International Forum
24
2001
387-99
Cattaneo and Chapman, 2010
 
L.B. Cattaneo
A.R. Chapman
The process of empowerment: A model for use in research and practice
American Psychologist
65
2010
646-59
Chatterjee and Hadi, 2013
 
Chatterjee, S. y Hadi, A.S. (2013). Regression analysis by example. John Wiley & Sons.
Chavis et al., 1986
 
D.M. Chavis
J. Hogge
D. McMillan
A. Wandersman
Sense of community through Brunswick's lens: A first look
Journal of Community Psychology
14
1986
24-40
Chavis and Wandersman, 1990
 
D.M. Chavis
A. Wandersman
Sense of community in the urban environment: a catalyst for participation and community development
American Journal of Community Psychology
18
1990
83-116
Chiessi et al., 2010
 
M. Chiessi
E. Cicognani
C. Sonn
Assessing Sense of Community on adolescents: validating the brief scale of Sense of Community in adolescents (SOC-A)
Journal of Community Psychology
38
2010
276-92
Chipuer and Pretty, 1999
 
H.M. Chipuer
G.M.H. Pretty
A review of the Sense of Community Index: Current uses, factor structure, reliability, and further development
Journal of Community Psychology
27
1999
643-58
Christens, 2011
 
B.D. Christens
Toward Relational Empowerment
American Journal of Community Psychology
50
2011
114-28
Christens et al., 2011a
 
B.D. Christens
N.A. Peterson
P.W. Speer
Community participation and psychological empowerment: Testing reciprocal causality using a cross-lagged panel design and latent constructs
Health Education & Behavior
38
2011
1339-47
Christens et al., 2011b
 
B.D. Christens
P.W. Speer
N.A. Peterson
Social class as moderator of the relationship between (dis)empowering processes and psychological empowerment
Journal of Community Psychology
39
2011
170-82
Davidson and Cotter, 1986
 
W.B. Davidson
P.R. Cotter
Measurement of sense of community within the sphere of city
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
16
1986
608-19
Doolittle and MacDonald, 1978
 
R. Doolittle
D. MacDonald
Communication and a sense of community in a metropolitan neighborhood: A factor analytic examination
Communication Quarterly
26
1978
2-7
Edelstein and Wandersman, 1987
 
M. Edelstein
A. Wandersman
Community dynamics in coping with toxic contaminants
Human Behavior & Environment: Advances in Theory & Research
9
1987
69-112
Enns and Wilson, 1999
 
C. Enns
J. Wilson
Sense of community and neighbourliness in Vancouver suburban communities: The picket fence project
Plan Canada
39
4
1999
12-5
Felshin, 1995
 
Felshin, N. (1995). But is it art? The spirit of art as activism . Seattle, WA: Bay Press.
Florin and Wandersman, 1990
 
P.E. Florin
A. Wandersman
Citizen participation, voluntary organizations and community development: Insights for empowerment through research
American Journal of Community Psychology
18
1990
41-55
Garcia et al., 1999
 
I. Garcia
F. Giuliani
E. Wiesenfeld
Community and sense of community: The case of an urban barrio in Caracas
Journal of Community Psychology
27
1999
727-40
Gilroy, 2006
 
A. Gilroy
Art therapy research and evidence-based practice
2006
Gracia et al., 1996
 
Gracia, E., Herrero, J. y Musitu, G. (1996). Cuestionario de apoyo social comunitario. En. Herrero, E. Gracia y G. Musitu (Eds.), Comunidad y salud. Evaluación de recursos y estresores (pp. 206-235). Valencia: CSV.
Heller et al., 1984
 
Heller, K., Price, R.H., Reinharz, S., Riger, S. y Wandersman, A. (1984). Psychology and community change: Challenges of the future . Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press/Pacific Grove, CA: Wadsworth.
Hill, 1996
 
J. Hill
Psychological sense of community: Suggestions for future research
Journal of Community Psychology
24
1996
431-8
Itzhaky and York, 2003
 
H. Itzhaky
A.S. York
Leadership competence and political control: The influential factors
Journal of Community Psychology
31
2003
371-81
Kaufman and Rousseeuw, 2008
 
L. Kaufman
P.J. Rousseeuw
Introduction, in Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc
2008
Kelaher et al., 2008
 
Kelaher, M., Curry, S., Berman, N., Jones, R., Dunt, D., Stanley, J., … Joubert, L. (2008). Structured storytelling in community arts and health program evaluations. En A. Lewis y D. Doyle (Eds.), Proving the practice: Evidencing the effects of community arts programs on mental health (pp. 148-164). Fremantle, WA: Disability in the Arts, Disadvantage in the Arts, Australia.
Klein and D’Aunno, 1986
 
K.J. Klein
T.A. D’Aunno
Psychological sense of community in the workplace
Journal of Community Psychology
14
1986
365-77
Kloos et al., 2011
 
Kloos, B., Hill, J., Dalton, J.H., Elias, M.J., Wandersman, A. y Thomas, E. (2011). Community psychology: Linking individuals and communities . Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Kristensen et al., 2005
 
T.S. Kristensen
H. Hannerz
A. Hogh
V. Borg
The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). A tool for the assessment and improvement of the psychosocial work environment
Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment Health
31
2005
438-49
Madyaningrum and Sonn, 2011
 
M.E. Madyaningrum
C. Sonn
Exploring the Meaning of Participation in a Community Art Project: A Case Study on the Seeming Project
Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology
21
2011
358-70
Martínez and Martínez, 2003
 
M.F. Martínez
J. Martínez
Coaliciones comunitarias: una estrategia participativa para el cambio social
Intervención Psicosocial
12
2003
251-67
Maton and Salem, 1995
 
K.I. Maton
D.A. Salem
Organizational characteristics of empowering community settings: A multiple case study approach
American Journal of Community Psychology
23
1995
631-56
Maya-Jariego, 2004
 
I. Maya-Jariego
Sentido de comunidad y potenciación comunitaria
Apuntes de Psicología
22
2004
187-211
Maya-Jariego, 1996
 
I. Maya-Jariego
Determinantes de la participación y tipología organizacional de los grupos de ayuda mutua
Intervención Psicosocial
5
1996
43-59
Maya-Jariego and Armitage, 2007
 
I. Maya-Jariego
N. Armitage
Multiple Senses of Community in Migration and Commuting: The Interplay between Time
Space and Relations. International Sociology
22
2007
741-64
McMillan, 1976
 
McMillan, D.W. (1976). Sense of community: An attempt (Unpublished manuscript). George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, TN.
McMillan, 2011
 
D.W. McMillan
Sense of community, theory not a value: a response to Nowell and Boyd, Journal of Community Psychology
39
2011
507-19
McMillan and Chavis, 1986
 
D.W. McMillan
D. Chavis
Sense of community: a definition and theory
Journal of Community Psychology
14
1986
6-23
McMillan et al., 1995
 
D.W. McMillan
P. Florin
J. Stevenson
B. Kerman
R.E. Mitchell
Empowerment praxis in community coalitions
American Journal of Community Psychology
23
1995
699-727
Miller and Seligman, 1975
 
W.R. Miller
M.E. Seligman
Depression and learned helplessness in man, Journal of
Abnormal Psychology
84
1975
228-38
Mohatt et al., 2013
 
N.V. Mohatt
J.B. Singer
A.C. Evans Jr.
S.L. Matlin
J. Golden
C. Harris
J. Tebes
A Community's Response to Suicide Through Public Art: Stakeholder Perspectives from the Finding the Light Within Project
American Journal of Community Psychology
52
2013
197-209
Morris, 2004
 
J. Morris
Independent living and community care: a disempowering framework
Disability & Society
19
2004
427-42
Ohmer, 2007
 
M. Ohmer
Citizen participation in neighborhood organizations and its relationship to volunteers’ self-and collective efficacy and sense of community
Social Work Research
31
2007
109-20
Omoto and Malsch, 2005
 
Omoto, A.M. y Malsch, A.M. (2005). Psychological Sense of Community: Conceptual Issues and Connections to Volunteerism-Related Activism. En A. M. Omoto y M. Allen (Eds.), Processes of community change and social action (pp. 83-103). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Perkins and Zimmerman, 1995
 
D.D. Perkins
M. Zimmerman
Empowerment theory, research and application
American Journal of Community Psychology
23
1995
569-80
Peterson and Reid, 2003
 
N.A. Peterson
R.J. Reid
Paths to Psychological Empowerment in an urban community: sense of community and citizen participation in substance abuse prevention activities
Journal of Community Psychology
31
2003
25-38
Peterson and Zimmerman, 2004
 
N.A. Peterson
M.A. Zimmerman
Beyond the Individual: Toward a Nomological Network of Organizational Empowerment
American Journal of Community Psychology
34
2004
129-45
Pindado, 2004
 
F. Pindado
Gobierno local y participación ciudadana
Intervención Psicosocial
13
2004
307-23
Prati and Zani, 2013
 
G. Prati
B. Zani
The relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational identification
Journal of Community Psychology
41
2013
851-66
Pretty et al., 1994
 
G.H. Pretty
L. Andrews
C. Collet
Exploring adolescent sense of community and its relationship to loneliness
Journal of Community Psychology
22
1994
346-58
Prezza et al., 2001
 
M. Prezza
M. Amici
T. Roberti
G. Tedeschi
Sense of community referred to the whole town: Its relations with neighboring, loneliness, life satisfaction, and area of residence
Journal of Community Psychology
29
2001
29-52
Prilleltensky et al., 2001
 
I. Prilleltensky
G. Nelson
L. Peirson
The role of power and control in children's lives: An ecological analysis of pathways toward wellness, resilience, and problems
Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology
11
2001
143-58
Putnam, 1993
 
R. Putnam
The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life
American Prospect
4
13
1993
1-12
Ramella and de la Cruz, 2000
 
M. Ramella
R.B. de la Cruz
Taking Part in Adolescent Sexual Health Promotion in Peru Community Participation from a Social Psychological Perspective
Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology
10
2000
271-84
Ramos-Vidal et al., 2012
 
Ramos-Vidal, I., Holgado, D., Santolaya, F.J. y Maya-Jariego, I. (2012). Entre bambalinas: las redes inter-organizativas de las agrupaciones de danza en Andalucía. En A. Paredes (Ed.), Redes sociales: Análisis e Intervenciones Psicosociale (pp. 207-231). Mendoza, Argentina: Editorial de la Universidad del Aconcagua.
Ramos-Vidal and Maya-Jariego, 2013
 
I. Ramos-Vidal
I. Maya-Jariego
Alianzas y redes de colaboración entre las agrupaciones culturales de las Artes Escénicas en Andalucía
Empiria. Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales
26
2013
15-34
Rappaport, 1981
 
J. Rappaport
In praise of paradox: a social policy of empowerment over prevention
American Journal of Community Psychology
9
1981
1-25
Rappaport, 1987
 
J. Rappaport
Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology
American Journal of Community Psychology
15
1987
121-48
Robertson and Asante, 2011
 
A. Robertson
M.K. Asante
Review of The rise of the post hip hop generation it's bigger than hip hop
Journal of Black Studies
42
2011
1336-8
Rodríguez-Villasante, 1993
 
T. Rodríguez-Villasante
Experiencias y propuestas sobre participación ciudadana
Intervención Psicosocial
2
1993
17-31
Royal and Rossi, 1996
 
M.A. Royal
R. Rossi
Individual-level correlates of sense of community: findings from workplace and school
Journal of Community Psychology
24
1996
395-416
Sáez et al., 2012
 
G. Sáez
I. Valor-Segura
F. Expósito
¿Empoderamiento o Subyugación de la Mujer?
Experiencias de Cosificación Sexual Interpersonal. Intervención Psicosocial
21
2012
41-51
Santolaya et al., 2011
 
Santolaya, F.J., Ramos-Vidal, I., Jurado, M.J., Holgado, D. y Maya-Jariego, I. (2011). Las condiciones laborales de la industria cultural en Andalucía. Redes organizativas y compromiso con la comunidad de los trabajadores de las artes escénicas. Sevilla: Fundación de Estudios Sindicales y Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía.
Sarason, 1974
 
Sarason, S.B. (1974). The psychological sense of community: prospects for a community psychology. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Schwebel, 2005
 
M. Schwebel
Peace Activism and Courage
Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology
11
2005
397-408
Speer and Hughey, 1995
 
P.W. Speer
J. Hughey
Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power
American Journal of Community Psychology
23
1995
729-48
Speer et al., 2001
 
P.W. Speer
C. Jackson
N.A. Peterson
The Relationship Between Social Cohesion and Empowerment: Support and New Implications for Theory
Health Educational Behavior
28
2001
716-32
Spreitzer, 1995
 
G.M. Spreitzer
Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement and validation
Academy of Management Journal
38
1995
1441-65
Wandersman and Florin, 2000
 
Wandersman, A., & Florin, P. (2000). Citizen participation and community organizations. In J. Rappaport & E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 247-272). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
Wilke and Speer, 2011
 
L.A. Wilke
P.W. Speer
The mediating influence of organizational characteristics in the relationship between organizational type and relational power: an extension of psychological empowerment research
Journal of Community Psychology
39
2011
972-86
Zimmerman, 2000
 
Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: psychological, organizational, and community level of analysis. En J. Rappaport y E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of Community Psychology (pp. 43-63). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
Zimmerman, 1995
 
M.A. Zimmerman
Psychological empowerment: issues and illustrations
American Journal of Community Psychology
23
1995
581-99
Zimmerman and Zahniser, 1991
 
M.A. Zimmerman
J.H. Zahniser
Refinements of sphere specific measures of perceived control: Development of a sociopolitical control scale
Journal of Community Psychology
19
1991
189-204

Copyright © 2024. Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid

© Copyright 2024. Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid ContactPrivacy PolicyCookies Policy

We use our own and third­party cookies. The data we compile is analysed to improve the website and to offer more personalized services. By continuing to browse, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. For more information, see our cookies policy

Aceptar