Vol. 23. Num. 3. - 2014. Pages 187-198
Mujeres delincuentes violentas
[Violent female offenders]
Ismael Loinaz1
1Univ. Barcelona, Fac. Psicología, Dep. Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Grupo de Estudios Avanzados en Violencia GEAV, España
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2014.05.001
Resumen
La delincuencia violenta femenina es poco atendida en países hispanohablantes. La presente revisión resume los principales avances acumulados internacionalmente en la última década (2003-2013) sobre el estudio de la mujer como sujeto violento y/o delincuente. Se analizan la violencia contra la pareja (VCP) y sexual cometida por mujeres, la evaluación de la psicopatía y del riesgo de violencia, el tratamiento de estas agresoras y su reincidencia. Aunque la amplitud temática impide analizar exhaustivamente todos los delitos (no se incluye el maltrato infantil, por ejemplo), la revisión permite concluir que: existen sesgos jurídicos y policiales en el tratamiento de la mujer delincuente, las mujeres pueden cometer el mismo tipo de VCP y con motivaciones similares a los hombres, la violencia sexual es poco frecuente pero existen muchas limitaciones en su estudio, la predicción del riesgo de violencia inespecífica es factible con las herramientas disponibles, la psicopatía es menos prevalente en mujeres pero las diferencias con varones se reducen en población juvenil, el conocimiento sobre el tratamiento de estas agresoras es muy limitado y sin evidencias sobre su efectividad y las tasas de reincidencia son bajas (aunque la información disponible es escasa). Se discuten las principales implicaciones y líneas de interés.
Abstract
Female violent offending is an understudied topic in Spanish-speaking countries. This review explores the major research findings accumulated internationally over the last decade (2003-2013) about women's violence and crimes. The focus of the review is the intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence committed by females, the psychopathy and violence risk assessment, and the treatment and recidivism of these female offenders. Although the female offender topic is too wide to review all crime typologies (child physical abuse is not included, for example) the review indicates that: there are legal and police biases in the treatment of women offenders; women can commit the same IPV and share the motivations of male offenders; sexual violence has a low prevalence, but there are many limitations in this research topic; predicting the risk of non-specific violence is feasible with the available tools; psychopathy is less prevalent among adult female offenders, although there are fewer differences with male offenders among adolescent samples; research about treatments is very limited and there are not effectiveness evidences; and last, recidivism rates for violent crimes are very low (in cases where information is available). Main implications and research lines are discussed.
Palabras clave
Delincuencia femenina
Riesgo de violencia
Psicopatía
Tratamiento
Reincidencia
Keywords
Female crime
Violence risk
Psychopathy
Treatment
Recidivism
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