¿Por qué no reincide la mayoría de los agresores sexuales?

Herrero, Óscar

doi:10.5093/aj2013a11

Vol. 23. Núm. 1. - 2013. Páginas 71-77

<< anterior

¿Por qué no reincide la mayoría de los agresores sexuales?

[Why do the majority of sex offenders not recidivate?]

Óscar Herrero¹
¹Centro Penitenciario de Cáceres, España

https://doi.org/10.5093/aj2013a11

Resumen

La evidencia meta-analítica indica que las tasas de reincidencia sexual oscilan entre el 15 y el 20% tras periodos de seguimiento que llegan hasta los veinte años. Se pueden establecer distintos perfiles de agresores sexuales en base a su reincidencia: los agresores especializados no reincidentes, los agresores reincidentes no especializados y los agresores sexuales especializados reincidentes. El grupo de los agresores especializados no reincidentes es el que suscita más preguntas. Este trabajo aborda qué factores psicológicos caracterizan a cada uno de estos perfiles y una posible explicación para las bajas tasas de reincidencia. Se discuten algunas implicaciones prácticas relevantes.

Abstract

Meta-analytic evidence suggests that sexual recidivism rates range between 15% and 20% after follow-up periods of up to twenty years. Sex offender profiles can be differentiated according to their recidivism risk: specialized non-recidivists, versatile recidivists and specialized recidivists. The specialized non-recidivist offender group is the one raising more unanswered questions. This paper summarizes the factors that define the psychological profile of each group and a tentative explanation for the low recidivism rates. Some practical implications are discussed.

Referencias

Abracen, 2008

J. Abracen

Treatment of sexual offenders with psychopathic traits: Recent research developments and clinical implications

Trauma, Violence and Abuse

2008

144-66

Medline

DOI

APA, 2000

APA

Manual Diagnóstico Estadístico de los trastornos mentales

2000

Botella and Gambara, 2002

J. Botella

H. Gambara

Qué es el meta-análisis

2002

Cantor et al., 2005

J.M. Cantor

R. Blanchard

L.K. Robichaud

B.K. Christensen

Quantitative reanalysis of aggregate data on IQ in sexual offenders

Psychological Bulletin

131

2005

555-68

Medline

DOI

Cortoni et al., 2010

F. Cortoni

R.K. Hanson

M.E. Coache

The recidivism rates of female offenders are low: A meta-analysis

Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment

2010

387-401

Craig et al., 2009

L.A. Craig

A.R. Beech

L. Harkins

The predictive accuracy of risk factors and frameworks

Assessment and Treatment of Sex Offenders: A handbook

John Wiley

Chichester

2009

Göbbels et al., 2012

S. Göbbels

T. Ward

G.M. Willis

An integrative theory of desistance from sex offending

Aggression and Violent Behavior

2012

453-62

Graña et al., 2009

J.L. Graña

J.M. Andreu

T. Silva

Evaluación del riesgo de reincidencia delictiva en España

2009

Hanson and Bussière, 1998

K.R. Hanson

M.T. Bussière

Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

1998

348-62

Medline

Hanson et al., 2002

R.K. Hanson

A. Gordon

A.J.R. Harris

J.K. Marques

W.D. Murphy

V.L. Quinsey

M.C. Seto

First report of the collaborative Outcome Data Project on the Effectiveness of Psychological Treatment of Sex Offenders

Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment

2002

169-95

Hanson and Morton-Bourgon, 2005

K.R. Hanson

K.E. Morton-Bourgon

The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

2005

1154-63

Medline

DOI

Hanson and Morton-Bourgon, 2009

K.R. Hanson

K.E. Morton-Bourgon

The accuracy of recidivism risk assessments for sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of 118 prediction studies

Psychological Assessment

2009

1-21

Medline

DOI

Hare, 2010

R.D. Hare

PCL-R: Manual

2010

Harris et al., 2011

D.A. Harris

R.A. Knight

S. Smallbone

S. Dennison

Post release specialization and versality in sexual offenders referred for civil commitment

Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment

2011

243-59

Heaton et al., in press

Heaton, K.M., Murphy G.H. (en prensa). Men with intelectual disabilities who have attended sex offender treatment groups: A follow up. Journal of AppliedResearch in IntellectualDisabilities .

Helmus et al., 2013

L. Helmus

K.R. Hanson

K.M. Babchishin

R.E. Mann

Attitudes supportive of sexual offending predict recidivism: A meta-analysis

Trauma, Violence & Abuse

2013

34-53

Medline

DOI

Kalmus and Beech, 2005

E. Kalmus

A.R. Beech

Forensic assessment of sexual interest: A review

Aggression and Violent Behavior

2005

193-217

Kingston et al., 2010

D.A. Kingston

M.C. Seto

P. Firestone

J.M. Bradford

Comparing indicators of sexual sadism as predictors of recidivism among adult male sexual offenders

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

2010

574-84

Medline

DOI

Knight and Guay, 2006

R.A.Y. Knight

J.P. Guay

The Role of Psychopathy in Sexual Coercion against Women

Handbook of Psychopathy

Guilford Press

New York

2006

512-32

Kruttschnitt et al., 2000

C. Kruttschnitt

C. Uggen

K. Shelton

Predictors of desistance among sex offenders: The interaction of formal and informal social controls

Justice Quarterly

2000

61-87

Lalumière et al., 2005

M.L. Lalumière

G.T. Harris

V.L. Quinsey

M. Rice

The causes of rape: Understanding individual differences in male propensity for sexual aggression

2005

Laws and Ward, 2011

D.R. Laws

T. Ward

Desistance from sexual offending: Alternatives to throwing away the keys

2011

Levenson et al., 2007

J.S. Levenson

M.S. D’Amora

A.L. Hern

Megan’ Law and its impact on community re-entry for sex offenders

Behavioral Sciences and The Law

2007

587-602

Medline

DOI

McCann and Lussier, 2008

K. McCann

P. Lussier

Antisociality, sexual deviance and sexual reoffending in juvenile sex offenders: A meta-analytical investigation

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

2008

363-85

Miller et al., 1996

T.R. Miller

M.A. Cohen

B. Wiersema

Victim cost and consequences: A new look

1996

Moulden et al., 2009

H.M. Moulden

P. Firestone

D. Kingston

Bradford

Recidivism in pedophiles: an investigation using different diagnostic methods

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

2009

680-701

Medline

DOI

Olver et al., 2011

M.E. Olver

K.C. Stockdale

S.J. Wormith

A meta-analysis of predictors of offender treatment attrition and its relationship to recidivism

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

2011

6-21

Medline

DOI

Olver and Wong, 2009

M.E. Olver

S. Wong

Therapeutic responses of psychopathic sexual offenders: Treatment attrition, therapeutic change, and long-term recidivism

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

2009

328-36

Porter et al., 2009

S. Porter

L. ten Brinke

K. Wilson

Crime profiles and conditional reléase performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders

Legal and Criminological Psychology

2009

109-18

Rivera et al., 2006

G. Rivera

M.C. Romero

M. Labrador

J. Serrano

El control de la agresión sexual: Programa de intervención en el medio penitenciario

2006

Roche et al., 2011

M.J. Roche

N.E. Shoss

A.L. Pincus

K.S. Ménard

Psychopathy moderates the relationship between time in treatment and levels of empathy in incarcerated male sexual offenders

Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment

2011

171-92

Schmidt et al., in press

Schmidt, A.F., Mokros, A., Banse, R. (in press). Is pedophilic sexual preference continous? A taxometric analysis based on direct and indirect measures. Psychological Assessment.

Seto, 2008

M.C. Seto

Paedophilia and sexual offending against children: Theory, assessment, and intervention

2008

Tharp et al., 2012

A.T. Tharp

S. DeGue

L.A. Valle

K.A. Brookmeyer

G.M. Massetti

J.L. Matjaso

A systematic qualitative review of risk and protective factors for sexual violence perpetration