Resumen
La Comunidad Terapéutica que se propone en los años 40, surge en el ámbito institucional (hospital psiquiátrico), como intento de reforma de la tradicional atención a los enfermos psiquiátricos y su institucionalización. En los años 60, con el auge de la antipsiquiatría y la emergencia del consumo de drogas ilegales, se desarrolla un proceso de la Comunidad Terapéutica anti-institucional separado del hospital y con fuerte componente ideológico, desplazando a las médicos y cuidadores profesionales, donde los propios pacientes, ex-adictos y voluntarios, liderados por personas con fuerte cansina, van a dar un protagonismo a las Comunidades Terapéuticas como alternativas al saber oficial médico-terapéutico, cuestionando las instituciones de cuidados y de salud. Es a partir de los 70 donde va dándose una convergencia entre la C. T y los sistemas de salud, a raíz de las reformas psiquiátricas puestas en marcha, que permitirán un proceso de institucionalización de las Comunidades Terapéuticas. Este proceso que se da en todos los países desarrollados, tendrá su influencia en España varios años después a partir de 1985
Abstract
The therapeutic community which was proposed in the forties had its origins in an institutional environment (Psychiatric Hospitals), and was an attempt at reforming the traditional attention and institutionalization which psychiatric patients received. In the 60´s with the growth in anti-psychiatry and the emergency situation created by the consumption of illegal drugs, an anti-institutional therapeutic community was developed. Their work was carried out outside of hospitals and had strong ideological component. It meant that doctors and professional careers went to where the patients were, together with ex-addicts and volunteers led by people with a great deal of charisma This gave the therapeutic communities a role as alternatives to official medical and therapeutical knowledge, questioning health and care institutions. It was from the 70´s onwards when there began to be a convergence between the therapeutic community and the health service, as a result of the psychiatric reforms indicated which encouraged a process of institutionalizing the Therapeutic Communities. This process which occurred in all developed countries was to have its effect in Spain several years later, from 1985 onwards
Palabras clave
Comunidad Terapéutica (C.T), Institucionalización, Historia, Tratamiento a drogodependientes, Situación actual, EstadoKeywords
Therapeutic Community (TC.), Institutionalization, History, Drug-addict treatment, Present situation, StateCopyright © 2024. Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid